How does consensus work in blockchain networks, and what are the different types?

Consensus mechanisms are crucial for validating transactions and maintaining the integrity of a blockchain. The most common types include Proof of Work (PoW), where miners solve complex mathematical problems to validate transactions; Proof of Stake (PoS), which involves validators being chosen to create new blocks based on the amount of cryptocurrency they hold; and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS), where stakeholders vote for delegates to validate transactions on their behalf.